Johnsonʼs Reconstruction Plan:Lincoln's heir, Andrew Johnson, at first pleased the radicals by publicly by being offensive to the aristocracy and insisting that the rebellions must be punished. His amnesty proclamation of May 29, 1865 was more severe than Lincoln's. It deprived of the rights of citizenship especially the right to vote and all former military and civil officers of the Confederacy. It was accomplished to build a new south. Dec., 1865, Johnson put his plan into operation. Under provisional governors appointed by him, the Southern states held conventions that voided or repealed their ordinances of secession, abolished slavery, and (except South Carolina) repudiated Confederate debts. Their newly elected legislatures (except Mississippi) denied the Thirteenth Amendment assuring freedom for blacks. By the end of 1865 every ex-Confederate state had reestablished civil government. These laws, known as black codes , restricted the ability of blacks to own land and to work as free laborers and denied them most of the civil and political rights enjoyed by whites.


Black Codes: The black codes are a series of laws passed by the ex-Confederate states. These codes were different in states from state dealing with their harshness and restrictiveness. These codes restricted to the blacks the right to marry, to own personal property, and to sue in court! These codes also didn’t permit the blacks from public facilities and also they had a curfew which after the curfew they weren’t allowed to stay out in the street or if not they would get whipped and punished. This has changed today, blacks and whites are equal and today black people have evolved and became famous writers, actors and also politicians.


14th Amendment:
The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution was used after the Civil War as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment defines citizenship, overruling the decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which had excluded slaves, and their descendants, from possessing Constitutional rights. It has been used to apply most of the Bill of Rights to the states. This amendment has also been used to recognize substantive rights, such as parental and marriage rights and procedural due process rights requiring that certain steps, such as a hearing, be followed before a person's "life, liberty, or property" can be taken away.


The 15th Amendment:The 15th Amendment to the Constitution arranged that black Americans men the right to vote. This amendment gives the right to African-Americans the right to vote and to have a job in an organization. This amendment shows a change where the African Americans had no right to do all of this.



Radical Reconstruction:After the winning of the Radical Republicans in the election of 1866, they took control over the Congress. With the Republicans they had the House of Representatives and the Senate. The shows us how the US has changed and a group of Republicans took control.


Carpetbagger:The northern that moved toward the South became called carpetbaggers. The southerners were the ones who came up with this name to them; this name was insulting it meant a cheap suitcase made of carpet scraps. This name insulting meant that the Northerners escaped from the North to come to the South. These carpetbaggers where men who had a good sense of knowledge, had education and were good people, but their only problem was that they were a bit poor and they were looking for money.



Scalawag:In United States history, scalawag was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War. The Scalawag had to categories of people the wigs and the ones who had farm plantations. A White Southerner who supported the Republican Party and its policy of Black emancipation was viewed as traitors by their fellow Southerners.


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