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Happy Holiday

I wish to every perosn that reads this blog a very nice and safe holiday and a Merry Christmas with lots of joy to them and their family... Ho Ho Ho, ENJOY!!



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Congressional Reconstruction

Johnsonʼs Reconstruction Plan:Lincoln's heir, Andrew Johnson, at first pleased the radicals by publicly by being offensive to the aristocracy and insisting that the rebellions must be punished. His amnesty proclamation of May 29, 1865 was more severe than Lincoln's. It deprived of the rights of citizenship especially the right to vote and all former military and civil officers of the Confederacy. It was accomplished to build a new south. Dec., 1865, Johnson put his plan into operation. Under provisional governors appointed by him, the Southern states held conventions that voided or repealed their ordinances of secession, abolished slavery, and (except South Carolina) repudiated Confederate debts. Their newly elected legislatures (except Mississippi) denied the Thirteenth Amendment assuring freedom for blacks. By the end of 1865 every ex-Confederate state had reestablished civil government. These laws, known as black codes , restricted the ability of blacks to own land and to work as free laborers and denied them most of the civil and political rights enjoyed by whites.


Black Codes: The black codes are a series of laws passed by the ex-Confederate states. These codes were different in states from state dealing with their harshness and restrictiveness. These codes restricted to the blacks the right to marry, to own personal property, and to sue in court! These codes also didn’t permit the blacks from public facilities and also they had a curfew which after the curfew they weren’t allowed to stay out in the street or if not they would get whipped and punished. This has changed today, blacks and whites are equal and today black people have evolved and became famous writers, actors and also politicians.


14th Amendment:
The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution was used after the Civil War as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. The amendment defines citizenship, overruling the decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), which had excluded slaves, and their descendants, from possessing Constitutional rights. It has been used to apply most of the Bill of Rights to the states. This amendment has also been used to recognize substantive rights, such as parental and marriage rights and procedural due process rights requiring that certain steps, such as a hearing, be followed before a person's "life, liberty, or property" can be taken away.


The 15th Amendment:The 15th Amendment to the Constitution arranged that black Americans men the right to vote. This amendment gives the right to African-Americans the right to vote and to have a job in an organization. This amendment shows a change where the African Americans had no right to do all of this.



Radical Reconstruction:After the winning of the Radical Republicans in the election of 1866, they took control over the Congress. With the Republicans they had the House of Representatives and the Senate. The shows us how the US has changed and a group of Republicans took control.


Carpetbagger:The northern that moved toward the South became called carpetbaggers. The southerners were the ones who came up with this name to them; this name was insulting it meant a cheap suitcase made of carpet scraps. This name insulting meant that the Northerners escaped from the North to come to the South. These carpetbaggers where men who had a good sense of knowledge, had education and were good people, but their only problem was that they were a bit poor and they were looking for money.



Scalawag:In United States history, scalawag was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction following the Civil War. The Scalawag had to categories of people the wigs and the ones who had farm plantations. A White Southerner who supported the Republican Party and its policy of Black emancipation was viewed as traitors by their fellow Southerners.


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The War, and After the War…


The American civil war has ended and now America is facing a phase of reconstruction dealing with the south.
The war has made our country a different place. Everything is destroyed. Farms and plantations are destroyed. The crops won’t grow back up only after a certain period of time. The infrastructures were brought down. Hospitals, Schools and road were brought down to the effects of this miserable war.
Families were destroyed. Everyone has lost a member, from a chicken to a human. Women are crying the death of their husbands and mothers are weeping because of the depth of their son or another member of their family.
Finally, people are free and need to start rebuilding their lives. The African-Americans are now free but need to find a home, food and a job in order to maintain them.


In the streets it is total chaos, people are trying to get possessions that weren’t even theirs, slaves have escaped but some still work on plantations.
The soldiers returning to their homes all injured and even some wounded. Some soldiers were even going back to their families but dead.
We lost or glorious president, who had done so much for his nation. Before his tragic death, he permitted each state to create a new constitution after 10 percent of the voters in the State had sworn allegiances. He offered a pardon to any confederate who took an oath of allegiance to the Union and accepted the federal policy on slavery.
Johnson his vice president changed what Lincoln had said and he forced states to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt. He also permitted to hold elections and rejoin the Union.
It was the time for renovations and rebuilding. A phase of reconstruction followed the end of the Civil war. This reconstruction was important in various ways, it would change the U.S.A and also people would find a place for a shelter.
The south had its own problems. Economic problems because people were poor and don’t have a job and also shelter problems people didn’t have a house/shelter were to live.
Slaves at the end were in misery, they didn’t have family, they had to look for it and also they could only live and work in rural areas where life was hard.
The American civil war was an era of change of the United States and it is what made it changed.

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§ THE EFFECTS OF WAR §


After War, Finding Peace and Calm in a Garden...

Reggie Mourning was is a mortar unit veteran in Vietnam. He had hard
tasks and saw death. After coming from war he worked as a trucker,
remembering the days were he was at war.

Today Reggie Mourning is part of a group of veterans who harvest in a garden where they found calm and peace, they plant tomatoes and eggplant, lettuce and kale, basil, squash, corn, peppers and collard greens. They find it a calm place where it helps them relax and forget allthe harsh moments spent in Vietnam...

This summer, veterans harvested more than 1,000 pounds of produce which they can give or sell to people. This is a positive effect toward people and to these veterans...



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What I learned from watching the Ken Burnʼs Civil War video!


What I learned is:

Abolitionsits Efforts
• -Took root in 1830’s
• -Immediate freeing of slaves
• -Reasons wrong, trangresses religious teachings, results in inhuman treatment of slaves and family violates democracy.
• -Leading Figures: Frederick Douglas, William Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Tubman,
• Limited Support even in North: seen as fanatics, business reasons not want hurt trade with south, fear former slaves would move and complete jobs.
South and Slavery
• Extent of Slavery: 80% of whites no slaves
• 19% small farmer’s small number of slaves
• 1% large planters owned 50+
• Treatment: Depended on individual’s farmers city liver. Some terrible treatment but most slaves were provided food, shelter, and clothing.
• Valuable: 1000$ to 1800$ per field hand.
• Pro Slavery Argument: Not necessary evil but a positive good. Argued:
• Historical basis of slavery
• Sanctioned by Bible
• Economics: cotton growth and prosperity
• Better treatment and security some N factory workers
• Saw slaves as inferior… not take care

By 1860 the estimate is to up to 300000 pioneers had settled in Oregon territory

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Northern advantages vs. Southern


Northern Advantages:

-The north had long railroads, and it could help people travel.

-The population was higher than the population of the Southeners.

-The economy was well developed, due to new industries,
agriculture and lots of production of goods.

-The Northnerers had a militia and were organized.

Southern Advantages:

-Had a belief of rights to govern themselves.

-Plentiful Agriculture

-The Southeners defended borders and fought for their
own good.

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Abolitionists

Frederick Douglass



"America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. " Frederic Douglas

Frederic Douglas was a black abolitionist, he lived during the 19th century. Frederic Douglas had a hard life, in 1818 he was born as a slave in Maryland, in 1838 he escaped successfully from slavery, in 1845 he published his first autobiography,In 1851 he founded antislavery publication Frederick Douglass' Paper which he tried to appeal americans to learn about slavery and in 1877 he was appointed as a U.S. Marshal.

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Harriet Tubman


Born into slavery in Maryland around 1820, Harriet Tubman escaped to become an ardent fighter for abolition and women's suffrage. She became known as "The Moses of Her People" for her work helping other slaves to freedom on the Underground Railroad. In 1849 she escapes from slavery to Philadelphia. In 1861 she serves in the Union Army during the Civil War. During the year of 1863 she Advises armed raid on several plantations. A great change, in 1896 she is the keynote speaker at first meeting of National. Federation of Afro-American Women. Lastly in the year of 1908 the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged opens its doors.



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William Lloyd Garrison


William Lloyd Garrison was an imporatant abolitionist, and also one of the most influential abolitionist leaders in America during the years that led up to the American Civil War. He had a newspaper called the Liberator, where he talked about people who are enslaved needed to be free. In 1830 he joined the Abolition movement.In the year of 1832 William Lloyd Garrison founded the New-England Anti-Slavery Society, and following it in 1833 he also founded the American Anti-Slavery Society
In 1854 he made a brave act, which was he burned the constitution at an abolitionist meeting.




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Our Study of the Civil War

Compromise Of 1850:

The Compromise of 1850 were five bills that were intended to stop the lack of agreement. Its objective was the spread of slavery to territories in order to keep northern and southern interests in balance. Here are the five bills:

1. California was entered as a free state.
2. New Mexico and Utah were each allowed to use popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery. In other words, the people would pick whether the states would be free or slave.
3. The Republic of Texas gave up lands that it claimed in present day New Mexico and received $10 million to pay its debt to Mexico.
4. The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.
5. The Fugitive Slave Act made any federal official who did not arrest a runaway slave liable to pay a fine. This was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850 and caused many abolitionists to increase their efforts against slavery.

The compromise of 1850 is important to our study, because,this was why there was disagreement between pro-slaves & anti-slaves Also, And also when California had became a free state caused problems.




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Kansas-Nebraska Act


The Kansas Nebraska act gave people in Kansas & Nebraska to decide for themselves if they allowed slavery in their land. The Act was used to cancel the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north.

This act is imporartant to our study because it is one major conflict and also it helps us gain a better knowledge of slavery in american territories.




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Presidential Election 1860

The central issue of the presidential election of 1860 was bound to be slavery. Battles over the spread of slavery to new territories and states had gripped the United States throughout the 1850s, and were especially intensified by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.

Abraham Lincoln began attacking the legislation and particularly its author, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois.


In 1859, Abraham Lincoln was gave a speech in New York City at the Cooper Union. He made a speech disapproving slavery and how spread. The speech was glory for him and made Abraham Lincoln an political star in New York City. The northern Democrats nominated Lincoln’s perennial rival, Senator Stephen A. Douglas. The southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckenridge, the incumbent vice president, a pro-slavery man from Kentucky. Lincoln was magnificent in the north of the country he won a landslide victory in the electoral college. Lincoln still would have won due to his strength in states heavy with electoral votes.

This is imporatnt to our study of the election of 1860 was a long part in American history at it came at a time of national crisis, and brought Abraham Lincoln to the White House where he ruled the country.



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Mariott Hotel In Morocco!

The Marriot hotel will open in Morocco by 2012. This
will help Morocco's economic phase by attracting
tourists and people to work in Morocco. This will
be a great change in Morocco, because new jobs will
exist and Morocco will start to develop. The Marriot
Hotel will open in Morocco in order to have their chain
of Hotels in Africa also. Algeria and Ghana will also
have the privelage to have a Mariott Hotel.

The company, which operates the Marriott, Ritz-Carlton
and Renaissance Hotels, will focus its African expansion
on Algeria, Angola, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa,
its chief development officer for the Middle East
and North Africa, Jean-Marc Grosfort, told the conference.

This will be a great change for Morocco and it's economy.



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-COMPROMISE-

Many situations exist where compromise could not work, examples of these situations are: work, religion, relationships, living in a community etc...

A situation that could happen in a teenagerʼs life that could be compromised is with his or her parents, they are obliged to do what they do (in respecting human rights and the law) because they are their parents and they are the ones who brought them to earth. The parents deserve respect from their children and this is an example of compromisation in a teenagers life.



A political compromise could be living in a community and obeying to what is allowed and not allowed. For example if someone lives in Morocco, Morocco is ruled by his Majesty the King Mohamed VI, if his Majesty says something or orders something to be done it is compromised no one can refuse his Majestys orders...

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Making a difficult choice...

I have just completed my University studies and I studied in London, the English capital! I need a place where to live and work. London has a harsh and bad climate; I want the sun, and a place that will follow my religion. A place that I know that is good for what I need is Dubai, In the Arab Emirates. The climate is good and warm, it is a beautiful city and many jobs are present there because they have Petrol and many new infrastructures that are developing. As the Americans moved between colonies to find work and a better place where to work.

ESPRAT+G CATEGORIES:

Economics: Dubai is a very rich city, it has a lot of petrol and the stock market is very high. Inport and export are both present.

Social:The UAE have a brief history which is very well preserved, like ancient buildings and objects archeologists found, because it is located in the middle of the desert.

Political: Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1918 — 2 November 2004), the principal architect of United Arab Emirates, was the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the UAE for over 30 years (1971-2004). A Sheikh is very religious and is not strict to his country.

Religion: Islam, the religion of Allah, all muslims and my religion. The UAE is a muslim country where the religion needs to be applied.

Arts: Arts will not help me in my work. The city is art with its amazing buildings and infrastructures.

Technology: Technology will be used a lot in my work. I will use it to send emails and consult/write documents and also it will facilate my task.

Geography: I will be in the middle of the Arabian desert where it rains 14min, per year, Dubai is the perfect place for me, because I will not feel like in another country because it resembles to my country, Morocco...

Dubai is the perfect place for me where to start my carrer...



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-Political Parties In Morocco-




There are several political parties in the kingdom of Morocco, these parties are:

Major parties:
Independence Party - Justice and Development Party - National Rally of Independents - Socialist Union of Popular Forces - Authenticity and Modernity Party



Independence Party(Istiqlal): This party lead by Abbas Al Fassi, It is a conservative monarchist party and a member of the Centrist Democrat International.Istiqlal means liberty/freedom,the party of Al Istiqlal is very nationalist, and the independence would not be complete without the liberation of all the territories that once were part of Morocco.



Justice and Development Party(PJD):The Justice and Development Party(PJD)
is the BIGGEST opposition political party in Morocco. The PJD is for Islamism and Islamic democracy.



The National Rally of Independents(RNI): The RNI is about about Moroccan Independents, they dispose of 44 seats at the Moroccan Parliament.



The Socialist Union of Popular Forces(USFP): The USFP is a left party of Morocco. The party has 50 seats at the parliament. The party was the UNFP, but then changed to the party called the USFP.



The Authenticity and Modernity Party(PAM): The PAM, is the Moroccan Party of Authencity and of Modernity, It is a national Democratic Party. The chief of the Pam is the ex-Minister of the Interior, Mr.Fouad Ali LHimma.

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Jefferson's Presidency

Key events of Jefferson's Presidency:

*March 4, 1801, he becomes 3rd president of the U.S.A.
*Eliminated national debt.
*In 1803 he oversaw the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the land area of the country, and he authorized the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
*In 1819 he founded and designed the University of Virginia.
*Signed the Declaration Of Independance, for U.S.A's 50th anniversery.
*Reduced his federal govenment.

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John Adams Presidency


John Adams Presidency and the difficulties he had faced...

In the 1790's John Adam's was the new president of the U.S. He was the first president to live in the what today is the White House. Washington D.C at his time was a city that wasn't important and in bad conditions. Some difficulties during John Adams presidency were: the U.S.A had faced a very serious economic crisis, and an undeclared naval war with France, which had added to the economic problems because the trade could not be done. Meanwhile, three French emissaries (known later simply as X, Y, and Z) demanded that the Americans pay a bribe of $250,000 and provide a $10 million loan. The Americans refused to pay anything. Then during the winter of 1798, an undeclared naval war took place between France and the United States.

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-Debate over Natural Government-

Debate over Natural Government:
Jefferson vs. Hamiltons view...



Jefferson and Hamilton never had the same point of view between them. Jefferson never aggred with Hamiltons federal plan. Jefferson wanted the country to have one central government and all the power goes to the capital, he also wanted a reputation and develop America, it's economy by industry. Meanwhile Hamilton had a very weak strategy of ruling.

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WHAT IS A POLITICAL PARTY??

WHAT IS A POLITICAL PARTY?

A political party is a political organization, who try to lead the a country's government. To chose a party to rule a country, there needs to be a campaign, where voters elect their favorite party, a party has often goals and new things that they want to add to their country. A political party has a leader, who is the prime minister and many ministers of other domains.

Political Parties of Morocco:

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My Mind Map!


Here is my mind map, hope it helps you... :D

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My Mind Map!

Here is my mind map, hope it helps you... :D

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Gold price returns to fresh high!



The price of gold has gone up!

The price was already very high and
even went higher. Today, was a memorable
day for investors because the price was
higher than usaul. How, we dont know, it's
like that it went down, maybe because the
USD showed some recovery. Analysts said that
there will be a potential for prices to
rise further if the dollar remained weak.

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-THE BILL OF RIGHTS-


5 Most Important Ideas of The Bill of Rights,

AMENDMENT NUMBER 3:
"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law."

This show's how people's life should be respected by not forcing them to give shelter to a soldier and not force thzm. People should be free and they have a the right to have their privecy in their home.

AMENDMENT NUMBER 8:"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."


Everybody should be treated equally and everybody should be treated in a good way.

AMENDMENT NUMBER 1:"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."

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How the colonists were able to defeat the greatest world power of their time??




COLONISTS DEFEATED THE GREATEST POWER OF THEIR TIME IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:


*Good Organization
*Strong influece
*Fought for their rights
*LIFE, LIBERTY AND PROPERTY!!---THE RIGHT OF REBELLION
*Boycott
*Courage
*People were looking for the pursuit of happyness
...

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--RiGhTs--




Importance 1-Natural Rights are rights, freedoms and privileges which are such a basic part of human nature that they cannot be taken away.

Importance 2
-Right of Self Determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts.


Importance 3
-Social Contract is an implicit agreement among people that results in the organization of society.

Importance 4-Popular Sovereignty is stated that all powers are of the government.


Importance 5-Right to Revolution is the right of revolution or rebellion and are allowed to overthrow the government to whom the subjects otherwise would owe allegiance.

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“Mercantilism”



Mercantilism is an economic system (Europe in 18th century) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests.

It is also the declaration of Independence. It is the proof that nation's existed and imports also.To increase a country's wealth was to go out and explore the world or do war! When Britan colonized America it's wealth increased.

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-Migration-

-What are different reasons why Moroccans migrate away from Morocco? Using ESPRAT+G what are possible different groups and what are their reasons?

There are many different reasons why Moroccans migrate to foreign countries. First, Morocco is a developing country and is building up.

Moroccans migrate away from Morocco to European countries for work. Most of the work in Morocco is agricultural, and today’s generation of people doesn’t desire to work on farm lands. For example in Italy(Florence) you find many Moroccans in the streets trying to gain a bit of money by selling paintings, but these are illegal migrates, when they see a police officer or police car they start to run away. If they are caught by the local authorities they are sent back to their countries.

Another type of immigration Moroccans do is that they migrate to countries where they have a job, a house and a family. These are legal migrants; they have their passports and visas and sometimes have the nationality.

Moroccans today study at big universities around the world. Many Moroccans migrate to countries where big universities are present to study and get a degree. Some of them even stay there and start their life (see paragraph above). Moroccans today are all over the world and are great ambassadors of our kingdom.

Some Moroccans travel for geography. Moroccans want to learn about the world and they want to discover and study new civilizations and cultures.

In our great country we have lots of people who travel for politics. Either they are consulates in other countries or ambassadors.

Moroccans don’t travel for religion because Morocco is a Muslim country and everybody desires to stay Muslim and never convert to another religion because Islam is the last religion.

-Who is migrating to Morocco?


There are two types of migrations into Morocco, illegal and legal.

First we will start with illegal... Most of the migrators that come to Mmorocco are from the sub-sahara. Theycome to Morocco because they think it is a developed country and it is the door of Europe. These people are from poor countrys and come to Morocco to try to have a job and work, because there county may have economical or political problems.

The second cateegory are legal migrators who come to Morocco. Most of these people are French and come to settle in Morocco, because the climate is better and life is easier. Most of the other migrators are American citizens who come here for their childres education and their job.


Morocco is a great country with peole going in and out...

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Top Gear Live...


Podcast Top Gear: New Citroen Gran Turismo

Citroen Gran Turismo...

Top gear team drove the car around London. People rushing to see this
new concept car. This new Citroen will be at the Earl's Court presention of new concept cars... We would almsot say the car went out of a video game. The designer is Takumi Yamamoto who had a big challenge facing him designong this super car. This monster is a very well designed bolide at great spead.

Description: White pearl color, and has a mixyure of fluidity and agressivity and certainly power. The wheel arches are marked very big and a huge widescreen. The impressing part of this car is it's rear spoiler with it's air extractor. The front of it is designed with air intakes and LED lights. The doors are ''gull wing'' doors and it's body is fitted with carbon.

Description of the Interior: The cockpit is the official type of a competiton car, becasue
this car was made specially for the game, Gran Turismo. The dashboard looks like a sculpture made out of copper. Powered by a fuel cell, the Citroen Gran Turismo does not share nothing with other cars. The manufacturer defines as "a style replica of a vehicle from the digital world" so much influence on the design evolution of the brand...

This is the discovery of a new era of car's...

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Colonization In Morocco.


Morocco was colonized by France and Spain, in the begining of the
1980's.

The effects of colonization: The effects of colonization on our counrty
were pretty dense. People lost their jobs, family, homes to go shed
their blood for their country. During 66 years of colonization this
Kingdom changed in various ways. The biggest and most imprtant
infrasturctures were built because of the colonization; ex: highways,Check Spellingbridges, cities, etc...

The colonization also changed the country with the
exile of Mohamed the V and left the country between the hand of a ruler
whio knew nothing. Colonization left a big mark on Morocco, we can see
these traits in language and education. The south was taken by the French
so that's why most of the big cities have French spoken in them. At the north
14 km away from sapin we can hear the Spanish language spoken in the streets
of the Medina.

In the year 1956 Morocco gained it's independence and became an independent
country with it's own language, laws and life. Every year on March 2 Independence
day is celebrated in Morocco.

Morocco today is a free country, ruled by a young monarch Mohamed VI.
It is going on a great path, which is a multiethnic kingdom and it is
developing into becoming a great country.

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Studying History!


History is one of the main pillars in our education...
Studying history is very useful, in our life, it makes us
noble citizens who know about what happened in the
world and how we arrived to a result today of developed
countries. History can give geneartions that have not
lived in other genrations knowledge about how life was.
Todays geneartions are limited to a history of maximum
five years, and do not know how history is an other world.

History is one of the most important things in our life.
We could not live without history, because in our daily life
we use it to communicate and to have a knowledge. History
is another time important because it is used in every job, and
to masterize that job a great knowledge of history is required.

Affected by History???

History affects a very small part of the society. People that are
lazy and do not desire to have a knowledge about history are
affected by this because it is used reguarly. Without history
we would have never arrived to this summit in development
where we are today. If we don't use it how will we know how
to live. History cannot affect someone
in a bad way...


I was never affected by history in a negative way, only
in good manner. History for me was alaways a pleasure
to learn because I know that the world's history, will never
exist again...

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